What are Switches in Computer Network (Fully Explained)
Switches are devices used in networking that function at layer 2, also known as the data link layer, of the OSI model. They facilitate connections between devices within a network and utilize packet switching to transmit, receive, or forward data packets or frames across the network.
A switch is equipped with multiple ports where computers can be connected. When a data frame reaches any port on a network switch, it analyzes the destination address, conducts necessary checks, and directs the frame to the appropriate device(s). It accommodates unicast, multicast, and broadcast communication methods.
Features of Switches
- A switch operates at layer 2, which is the data link layer of the OSI model.
- It is an advanced network device that can be viewed as a multiport network bridge.
- It employs MAC addresses (which are the addresses of the medium access control sublayer) to route data packets to specific destination ports.
- It utilizes the packet switching technique to receive and relay data packets from the source to the intended destination device.
- It supports unicast (one-to-one), multicast (one-to-many), and broadcast (one-to-all) communication types.
- The transmission mode is full duplex, meaning that communication can occur simultaneously in both directions. This feature prevents collisions.
- Switches are active devices that come with network software and management capabilities.
- They can conduct some error checking before sending data to the designated port.
- Typically, the number of ports ranges from 24 to 48.
Types of Switches
There is a range of switches that can be generally classified into four types.
- Unmanaged Switch: These are cost-effective switches often found in home networks and small businesses. They can be easily set up by simply connecting them to the network, after which they begin functioning immediately. When additional devices need to be connected, more switches can be added using this plug-and-play approach. They are termed unmanaged because they do not require configuration or monitoring.
- Managed Switch: These switches are expensive and are utilized in organizations with extensive and intricate networks, as they can be tailored to enhance the capabilities of a standard switch. The enhanced features may include QoS (Quality of Service), which provides higher security levels, improved precision control, and comprehensive network management. Despite their high price, they are favored by expanding organizations for their scalability and adaptability. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is employed for the configuration of managed switches.
- LAN Switch: Local Area Network (LAN) switches connect devices within an organization's internal LAN. They are also known as Ethernet switches or data switches. These switches play a crucial role in minimizing network congestion or bottlenecks. They manage bandwidth allocation to ensure that data packets do not overlap within the network.
- PoE Switch: Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches are utilized in PoE Gigabit Ethernets. PoE technology merges data and power transmission over a single cable, allowing connected devices to receive both electricity and data through the same line. PoE switches provide enhanced flexibility and simplify cabling connections.
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