SSL in Application Layer (Full Explanation)
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a widely accepted method for securely transmitting documents over a network. Developed by Netscape, SSL technology creates a secure link between a web server and a browser, ensuring that data is transmitted privately and securely. SSL operates using the Transport Control Protocol (TCP).
In the context of SSL, the term "socket" describes the technique used to send data over a network between a client and a server.
To establish a secure SSL connection for safe online transactions, a web server must possess an SSL certificate. SSL encrypts segments of the network connection at the transport layer, which is situated above the program layer.
SSL relies on an asymmetric cryptographic method where a web browser generates both a public key and a private (secret) key. A certificate signing request (CSR) is a data file that includes the public key. The private key is only accessible to the intended recipient.
How Does SSL Work?
SSL encrypts data transmitted over the internet to ensure a high level of privacy. Anyone trying to intercept this data will encounter a scrambled array of characters that is nearly impossible to decrypt.
The SSL process initiates an authentication sequence known as a handshake between two devices communicating with each other, verifying that both devices are indeed who they claim to be.
Additionally, SSL digitally certifies data to guarantee its integrity, ensuring that it remains unaltered before reaching its designated recipient.
SSL has evolved through several versions, each one enhancing security over the previous. TLS (Transport Layer Security) was introduced in 1999 as a successor to SSL.
Objectives of SSL
The objectives of SSL include:
- Data integrity: Information is protected from tampering. The SSL Record Protocol, SSL Handshake Protocol, SSL Change CipherSpec Protocol, and SSL Alert Protocol work together to maintain data privacy.
- Client-server authentication: The SSL protocol verifies the identities of both the client and server using established cryptographic methods.
- SSL is the predecessor of Transport Layer Security (TLS), a cryptographic method designed for secure data transmission over the Internet.
How Can You Acquire an SSL/TLS Certificate?
Are you prepared to secure your website? Below is the essential process for applying for a publicly trusted SSL/TLS website certificate.
- The person or organization applying for the certificate creates a pair of public and private keys, which must be kept on the server that requires protection.
- A certificate signing request (CSR) is created using the public key, the domain name(s) that need protection, and (for OV and EV certificates) the organizational details of the entity requesting the certificate.
- A publicly trusted Certificate Authority (CA), like SSL.com, receives the CSR. The CA checks the information in the CSR and issues a signed certificate that the requester can then install on their web server.
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